Saturday, August 31, 2019
Biochemistry WGU
Oxygenated vs deoxygenated states of blood: One hemoglobin can carry 4 oxygen Deoxygenated hemoglobin is not bound to oxygen If a person has low oxygen level, a bluish hue will result and a low pulse oxygenation will register as a measurement of the difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. *†Hemoglobin transports oxygen to cells and C02 to lungs to be exhaled. **Deoxygenated hemoglobin is concave shape; oxygenated is planar shape and red in arteries Hemoglobin (2013) Bohr Effect Lower blood pH or higher blood C02 = hemoglobin proteins – oxygenLower C02 or higher pH = hemoglobin + oxygen Myoglobin has no allostery, does not display Bohr effect High C02, high H+, low partial = oxygen from hemoglobin High C02 or low pH = increase of oxygen in tissues Bohr Effect (2013) Oxygen Affinity and pH Bohr Shift Carbonic acid = lower blood pH Lower blood pH = Bohr Shift (oxygen from hemoglobin) wolfe (2000) Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Myoglobin Binds iron, stores oxyge n ‘OF2 ADnormal, result 0T an Injury to muscle Myoglobin = heme + iron + 8 amino acid chains in alpha helix HemoglobinTransports oxygen from lungs to tissues Contains iron (Hemoglobin 2013) Sickcle Cell Abnormal, sickle cell shaped RBC's Sickle cells stop blood flow, very painful Problem: valine in place of glutamic amino acid causing cells to stick together Problem: cells are rigid and inflexible Problem: normal RBC's live 90-120, sickle cells live 10-20 days, shorter lifespan results in anemia Inheritance Autosomal recessive disease inherited from parents Carrier parents will produce offspring with a 1:4 chance of inheriting sickle cell disease .
Friday, August 30, 2019
Project resource management
Project resource managementa)     Direct costs are the costs that are directly attributed to the cost of an activity. They are directly involved in the performance of such an activity. They include direct material purchases, direct labour cost and other direct costs, which can be attributed to a certain activity/ a process. Here, the direct cost includes, the cost of software, the cost of direct labour, force and other direct labour costs made on this project.Direct material purchasesCost of software $670000Cost of 6 [email protected] 3250 each is $19500Cost of backup software at $4500 each is $27000Direct labour (at $ 54 per labour hour)2 programmers each 40 hours is $43201 database manager for 60 hours is $32402 project analysts for 250 hours is $270001 operations analysts for 20 hours is $10801 interface manager for 20 hours is #10801 networking analysts for 50 hours is $2700Total of direct project cost is $(670000+ 19500+ 27000+4320+3240+27000+1080+1080+2700)Ge neral administration costs are the cost whose expenditure cannot be directly attributed to a specific activity. However, for this project, all expenses/ costs are manifested to be direct/ exclusively affiliated to the project hence they have not been featured in this projectb)     Time phased budget is plan of action, which shows various components of activities in an organizational project in relation to the various cost components. This can be illustrated asActivity                                      CostCost of software                           603000Maintenance of software              67000Serves                                            19500Backup software                            27000Programmers                                  4320Database manager                           3240Project analysis                              27000Operation analysts                          1080Interface                                          1080NetworkingÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â à ‚                    2700Total                                                755920c)       In determining this budget, the team had to use various sets of data. Firstly, the importance of market cost of software inputs was considered. In all cases, it’s important for an organization to estimate a budget using the actual cost of a product or a service. This will help to have an overview of the appropriate cost of these products or activities. Either, the financial outlay is an equally important variable to consider when approximating a budget. For the team, importance was therefore attached to the financial constraint, which could be used to finance the  project. Budgets are limited to a specific cost variable. Therefore, a person should always e nsure that he works out his budget within the limits of this financial constraint. (Hanniqan, Browne, 2000)d)        The accuracy of these estimates was influenced by many factors. Broadly, a number of risks can act to influence the accuracy of a budget. Firstly, market risks and uncertainties will act effect to a budget. At the market, are various sets of risks and uncertainties whose influence can highly affect the actual state of a budget estimate. These markets are such as the product, labour, and money markets. Within the product market are the various risks that work to bring disequilibria in the supply and demand of the goods and services. These changes are normally in abrupt/ incidental in their occurrence. With such market instabilities, the equilibrium state of the supply and demand is consequently affected. Previously, the stable interactive forces of the demand and supply help to determine the equilibrium quantities and prices. With the resulting trends of instabilities, such budget approximates (prices) will be destabilized which results into a varying state of the budgeted from the actual price of goods.The equilibrium state of the money market works to determine the stability in supply and demand for money. However, in case of instability within the economy, this equilibrium is affected resulting into a changing scale of the money supply and demand. Such a case will determine various states of a countries currency purchasing power (inflation and deflation).           For this budget therefore, its accuracy could be highly affected by the changing states of the money market (the effects of money supply and  demand on its purchasing power)An important factor within the project cost is labour. Labour supply and demand is a factor of consideration in approximating the budget. The price of labour can be affected by the changing states of the market supply and demand for labour. Such ch anges will affect the pay (wages) for labour within an organization. For this budget, the forces within the market could otherwise influence the labour cost. (Badiru, 1993)The priority concept could be of a high influence on the accuracy of the budget. Depending on teams understanding on the priority concept of various cost elements, accuracy would have been compromised in a case where the cost variable was entered in a biased manner. Some cost factors could have been assumed more important than others, which would not be the case.Different political risk variables affect the cost factors of budgets. This is where, various political shocks may act to affect the state in which various cost results of the market system would be. These are examples of the various government and political regulations that affect the costing system of various commodities and services. Different political risks also affect the purchasing power of the countries currency. The purchasing power of such a currency is an important factor in determining the accuracy of a budget. Since budget is a plan of expenditure for a certain amount of money, the allocation is however vulnerable to changes depending on the changing prices of the requirements of the budget. The approximate level of risk premiums and allowances allocated by the budget. For accuracy in budget, a risk premium is allowed that helps to capture any external shocks that would therefore affect the actual state of the budget. However, this depends on the interest of the budgeter with varying premiums levels for such different budgets. For each premium, the final accuracy is different in regard to how such premiums would be able to capture these external shocks.E) Before engagement into a budget exercise, the micro and macro factors should be considered. This is in the relevance of the issues that the project would have an influence at both within and outside environment. To this team, this concept application was not an exce ption. Within its micro approach, the team observed the influence of the project budget in relation to the external environment. It considered the various components that were to be related between the project and the entire national outlook as a whole. Since this is a hospital project, the broader community within the state will use it. The intensity of the project is depended on the scale of the service to be given as output by it. The scale of the project is been done in the recognition of the users to be served by the same. The material cost, the quality and intensity have also been subject to consideration in setting the budget.To the micro-level importance has therefore been importance in determining this project. The micro-level consideration has been through an analysis of the factors (in terms of facilities and resources) working within the hospital that depended of profit. Due to the variety of the resource factors, a specific size of a software project could only have bee n hoisted by the hospital facilities. With this aspect in mind, the project budgeting and evaluation has therefore been done with the hospital’s resource variable adequately in mind. The intensity of the facility affiliated to the project is in congruent to the holding capacity of the resources. This has been the team’s view of optimal resource allocations for most optimal benefits. With this concept therefore, the team budgeted the project with an understanding of the relative benefits that would come as service output of the project in relation to the resources. Lack of optimal costing would lead to lower service output of the project in relation to the cost input. (Martin, 2002)Lack of optimal costing would lead to lower service benefits given out by the project. Either, resources include the holding capacity of the hospital facilities. Importance has also attached to the purchase of project inputs that would adequately lead to a maximum output, efficiency, quality and fast data processing by the software project.f) Within the project were a number of constraints that were highly affecting its efficiency. Basically, the constraints fall both within macro and micro level of the project. Firstly, the hospitals resources constraint was all an important constraint of consideration. The team understood that any un-optimal allocation of the project that would not concur with the project resource capacity was costly. This was the firstly consideration within the teams budget schedule for the project. In its understanding therefore, it felt that any un-optimal project expenditure was highly risk for its future benefits. Considering this however, the allocations were done in accordance to the prevailing resource situation of the hospital.Either, financial constraint fetched an important factor in consideration to the cost expenditure for the project. On recognizing the limited supply of the finance for the budget, the allocation were done on priority m anner, with the most important cost factor been employed. Sourcing of material and other projects costs were budgeted in correspondence to the most economical purchasing costs for these variables. Costing is done on the cheapest scale possible through the most quality manner.With the impact of both the market and political risks factors as constraints in consideration, the team could not compromise on their priority. To the team, these risks played an important role in determining the accuracy of the budget plan. It therefore employed various risk premiums and allowances as a variable to capture the external shocks that could be on influence to the structure of the budget. Within their budget scheme therefore, a miscellaneous cost variable could not have been left out whose importance was to cater for any changes in the exact cost perimeter of project cost.References:Hanninqan, C & Browne, M (2000) Project Management : Going the Distance.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â à ‚                      International Journal of Instructional Media, Vol.27Badiru,A(1993) Qualitative Models For Project Planning, Scheduling and                 Control.Westport,CT: Quorum Books.Martin (2002) Managing Projects in Health and Social Care. London: Routledge.
Thursday, August 29, 2019
Cold War History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Cold War History - Research Paper Example The world quickly turned into polarized and bipolar. Fourth, two superpowers appeared in the world with military and economic power which gave them a significant advantage over the others. Plus, the interests of Western countries in different parts of the globe began to come up against the interests of the Soviet Union. The new political conditions, formed after World War II, were quickly understood by Churchill, who announced the new realia and called them the Cold War1. The defeat of such powerful monsters as Germany and Japan testified that the balance of power in the world was changed. The Allied forces of the Four Powers - the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France occupied the territory of Germany and Austria in accordance with the decisions of the Potsdam Conference. The political influence of the Soviet Union extended to Poland, part of Germany, occupied by Soviet forces, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Romania. Though the country was exhausted by war, it badly needed to recover economic and human resources, it still had the most powerful and experienced army of about 11 million soldiers2. On the other hand, the U.S. became the dominant global power after the Second World War, which has enormous economic, air, sea and nuclear power. As a result of the effective strategy the United States increased the gross national product by 1.7 times (excluding inflation) during the war and lost only 300 thousand soldiers. The U.S. dollar became the most stable currency and New York - the largest financial market in the world. The country quickly overcame inflation, raised wages and had the world’s highest productivity. Economic power of the United States, its industrial and financial expansion, contributed to the fact that the United States got the role of global hegemon3. Growing distrust among the former Allies led to the fact that the countries of Western Europe and the U.S. joined forces against the USSR. The Soviet Union, i n an effort to protect its borders, created a kind of a buffer of the countries which formed pro-Soviet government after the war. Thus, the world was divided into two camps: capitalist and socialist. Both established the so-called systems of collective security - military blocs. On 4 April 1949 the North Atlantic Treaty was signed and the world saw a new military organization - NATO, which included the U.S., Canada and Western Europe. In May, 1955, the Warsaw Pact was signed as a countermeasure. It included (that year) Albania (later, in 1968, it denounced the pact), Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Romania, USSR, Czechoslovakia. The polarization of the world was over4. The created coalitions, led by their leaders, began to struggle for influence in third world countries. One of the most memorable results of the Cold War is Arms Race Its start was related to atomic weapons. In 1945 the United States was the only nuclear power in the world. Hiroshima and Nagasaki got â€Å"i nformed†about that. That strategic superiority fostered the U.S. military begin to build a variety of plans of pre-emptive strikes on the Soviet Union. But the American monopoly on nuclear weapons remained only four years. In 1949 the USSR tested its first atomic bomb. This event was a real shock to the Western world and an important milestone of the Cold War.
Wednesday, August 28, 2019
Role of political system in promoting economic growth, the Case of Essay
Role of political system in promoting economic growth, the Case of China - Essay Example Lack of political will to perform increasing significant economic restructuring has resulted to prolonged dependence on public investment. State regulation and various enterprises ownership has hindered productivity and sector of finance is majorly the critical control of the state via manipulation of credit and subsidies, (Midlarsky, 1997, p.90). Chinese experience The Chinese experience in the last 30 years or more is increasingly illusive. Deng Peng reforms in the earlier years were strictly restricted to entirely certain economic initiative freedom when certain private ownership, such as sector of agriculture, was realized and economy of the market was introduced, (Simha, 1999, p.87). Moreover, in some aspects, the government of China has maintained its authoritarian policy and critical restrictions to politics, culture, social, and religious liberty. It is clear that increase in the Chinese economy in the past has been significant. Ten to twelve percent growth per year liberated some 3-4 hundred million Chinese populations from devastating poverty. It is true that democracy, in the Chinese case, was not a requirement for the growth in the economy. In this regard, experts agree that China does not fit in a democratic nation category, although it is a rapidly developing and nation of the globe and in second phase of industrial revolution, (Lijphart, 1999, p.56). Thus, the claim that democracy is the key reason for growth in economy does not hold more water, because a combination of factors rather than the Chinese political state that fueled economic growth of China. Therefore, people can believe that China is planned economic nation although, in the real sense, though limited, regional powers have inadequate democracy. China is a prominent global...This essay presents a comprehensive analysis of the economic development of Chinese economy in recent decades. It is shown in the paper, that China achieved high levels of economic growth without being considered a democratic nation by economists, China is a prominent global exporter that would show the prosperity of China because it indicate to its revolution of industry, and this is because China has various cheap labor pools, extensive land scopes that can full accommodate manufacturing. Similarly, China has, in large scale, a prolonged border sea that promotes exporting activities. These factors and many other factors give a crucial indication to the main idea of extensive economic growth that is exclusive of political reasoning. Additionally, the economic growth in china naturally existed in Chinese land even before the democratic government system. Therefore, it could be assumed that the Chinese political system has enabled that government to guide its population to work sectors where growth of economy is more evident and thus allowing maximum efficiency of labor. Experts agree that democracy hinder growth in economy in third world nations because it generally leads in economic decision-making diffusion across the population that resultantly exposes local enterprises to extensive, increasingly efficient, external competitors. Therefore, many believe that centrally organized economic policy control promotes increased permanent growth and politic climate increasingly better for this is an authoritarian political condition.
Tuesday, August 27, 2019
Biology of the war Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Biology of the war - Assignment Example ven parties that argue against war just look for subtle and less socially damaging methods, where in these evolutionary acquired elements of human nature can be expressed (Baylis, Wirtz, and Gray, 2012). Aggression is natural in human beings to a near fully evolutionary extent, 70% genetics. All violence originates from the dissatisfaction of human’s naturally resolute urges. Every new generation will be violent and this violence will find its innate and unavoidable expression in ethnic, social, patriotic, political, and economic conflicts because all types of culture are unsatisfying (Baylis, Wirtz, and Gray, 2012). Today, this theory is popular amongst scholars who critically ponder on the causes and challenges of conflict and its likely prevention. I have learned from experience and literature that any aspects of social living granted by human societies are mere inventions. However, at some point, these aspects seize being inventions because of their widespread acknowledgement or utter dismissal. Examples include trial by court, which is limited to finite societies across the world and communities that cremate their dead rather than bury them (Meade, n.d.). This disparity reflects just a part of the history of human beings that had the understanding of recordkeeping as its cultural legacy, the same way violence has always
Monday, August 26, 2019
Computer Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2
Computer Security - Assignment Example are the computer viruses. Yet, the computers of unsuspecting email readers are still safe from them because these viruses are not like those standard spyware and viruses that affect them. In order to destabilize, harm and physically tear down the infrastructure of Iran’s uranium enrichment capacity, oil industries and other economic sectors, the viruses like flame were actually developed. The act of understood Chinese break-in of Google mail servers or Russian and Eastern European identity theft is possibly be observed as the act of dishonest civilians within the state but this virus are not like them. Instead it is clear that these specialized viruses are designed professionally and specifically made and positioned at the will of a national body. These viruses are surely not good for future at world stage as it is an indication of the beginning of a new type of warfare for which not a single country is truly prepared. (Hamilton,
Sunday, August 25, 2019
Why should we apply the death penalty to the remaining younger brother Essay
Why should we apply the death penalty to the remaining younger brother who did the Boston marathon bombing or why shouldnt we - Essay Example This remaining criminal, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, after confirmation of the crime will be punished by the death penalty according to the United States Attorney General Eric Holder who detailed charges for the 19-year old survivor. In support of this statement, this essay will provide an argumentative analysis on the plight of the criminal with death as the alternative penalty. ARGUMENT Mere punishments, such as life imprisonment, for the person like Dzhokhar Tsarnaev might not be a better punishment because his action is a serious humanity crime. Humanity crime that involves killing is a weighty offence that needs instant penalties. In such cases people who cause a grave public disturbance should face a charge equal to the crime committed. Causing death to innocent people shows that the violators do not value the life of other people (Kotz n.pag.). This, therefore, implies that this person should be subjected to death penalty as a lesson to the other criminals alleged with the same crime. Some criminals do not forget their usual activities even after maltreatment in the cell, and, thus, it is necessary for the court to raise concerns for the applicable punishment for such criminals. We might argue that the remaining criminal has learned a lesson after the death of his brother (Kotz n.pag.). People who point guns at the police mean that they have the capability shooting other people because now they despise the police force.
Saturday, August 24, 2019
Porter s 5 forces analysis and a life cycle analysis - why is the Assignment
Porter s 5 forces analysis and a life cycle analysis - why is the Australian Car Manufacturing Industry closing down - Assignment Example Although global and local economic conditions have played a major part in the death of the manufacturing industry, blame has also been placed on the many parties and factors involved. By studying the current state of the industry and using porter’s five forces analysis, we can better discern as to what the main drivers were that caused the ultimate death of the Australian automotive manufacturing industry. The Australian car manufacturing industry has become far too small to be sustainable for any particular manufacturer. Australia’s three car manufacturers Holden, Ford and GM all announced they would shut down their local manufacturing operations within nine months of each other. With the local economy facing harsh times it seems that with current size of the market and increased competition from imports has simply gotten too small to be profitable. As a matter of fact, the size of the market had gotten so small that all three companies began to rely on each other just to survive and stay afloat. It has been a long time coming, the death of the Australian auto manufacturing industry. Although, there have been many interrelated reasons that have caused the slow demise of the industry many individuals put the most of the blame on the federal government. It has been blamed for much of the troubles that have negatively affected local manufacturers from their low import tariffs. Many of the federal government initiatives such as their Free Trade Agreements with China and India, low import tariffs, and the controversial automotive financial bailouts have created an industry that cannot sustain itself. Others place the blame to the car manufacturer themselves that used the Australian government like their own piggybank to bail them out financially. Additionally, the federal government and their economic policy itself have created a nation with relatively high wages, strong currency coupled with the extremely low
About Pesticides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
About Pesticides - Essay Example Use of chemicals therefore results to minimum tillage a practice that reduces soil erosion. This prevents water bodies’ siltation which causes imbalance in the aquatic environment (Matthews 2006, p.21) One of the major effects of pesticides to the environment is destruction of aqua system. When pesticides are washed away by rainfall, they are taken into the water bodies. When consumed by aquatic animals it causes complications in their bodies leading to death (Matthews 2006, p.13) Human being is also affected by these chemicals when they are released in the environment. The release of these chemicals causes body complications such as breathing complications. Some of these diseases cause human death. In addition to this, when plants are sprayed by pesticides, they may end up accumulating in the body of human being through ingestion causing body disorders and diseases such as cancer (Matthews 2006) In conclusion, pesticides fumes are cited as great contributors of global warming and therefore, use of pesticides should be highly discouraged and instead uphold organic farming. On the other hand reduced tillage as a result of use of pesticides gives farmers time to participate in other social activities that involve
Friday, August 23, 2019
Howard Gardner Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Howard Gardner - Research Paper Example As a result of further research Gardener and his colleagues have stated that there could be an addition of another 3 possible intelligences to the initial list of seven (Smith, 2002, 2008). The presence of one kind of intelligence is determined from several perspectives or criteria which were drawn from several fields such as biology, logical reasoning and various psychological factors. With this he concluded that every child whether normal, mentally or physically challenged will have their unique set of intelligences in which they will shine and both teachers and parents will have to employ a broad range of learning methods in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a child. Thus with his research on multiple intelligences Gardener sought to bring about a change in the system of learning with focus on the inherent abilities and interest of a child so that they will be able to pursue their interests and not succumb to external factors such as peer pressure (What are Multipl e Intelligences? n.d). ... e candidate intelligences in an individual include: the potential for brain isolation by brain damage, presence of an evolutionary history or possibility, a set of identifiable core operations, susceptibility to encoding, distinct developmental progression in which there is a defined end-state performance, the existence of idiot-savants, prodigies and other such unique individual, and aided with suitable support from psychological experiments and other psychometric findings (Gilman, 2001; Smith, 2002, 2008). The seven intelligences initially included in the MI theory are linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal and intrapersonal. Of the seven the first two intelligences namely linguistic and logical have been used in the school curriculum to assess the language and reasoning skills of the students. The linguistic intelligence is the ability to read, write and effectively communicate in a language. Through this an individual should be able to express themselves and accomplish their set goals. The logical-mathematical reasoning is the ability to reason and analyze scientific issues and mathematical problems. The next three intelligences are associated with performing arts as they involve a coordination of the mind and the body. The musical intelligence includes performance, composition or listening skills in music. Understanding the musical pattern will enable an individual to compose pitches, rhythms and tones. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence involves the effective use of bodily parts to perform an action. For example athletes, dancers and medical surgeons and craftsman have a high capacity for this intelligence. According to Gardener, this intelligence includes both the mind and the physical body as activities are performed
Thursday, August 22, 2019
Literature of War and Peace Essay Example for Free
Literature of War and Peace Essay Sir Winston Churchill British statesman, orator, and author who was elected prime minister twice in 1940s and 1950s. He is regarded as one of the finest military leaders in history and is credited to rallying the moral of the British people during world war two and leading them from the brink of defeat to victory against the axis powers. How he did this was not only though his leadership but arguably through his speeches as well, one of Churchill’s greatest assets was his words and how he used them to inspire and motivate his people. Despite having a lisp throughout his career He was known for his excellent speaking, the speeches he made throughout his life in particularly dark times for the British were always inspiring, while presented in a way that made them understandable to any person no matter whom they were. Now this was seen particularly in Churchill’s speech â€Å"the defence of freedom and peace†which he presented in October 16th 1938 near the start of world war two in an appeal to British and Americna public to prepare for the strong possibility of war against Nazi Germany. In the speech the defence of freedom and peace Churchill uses a variety of persuasive yet simple literary devices such as allusion, rhetorical questions, imagery and Tricolon and wording to arouse, influence and encourage American and British listeners to ready themselves for a possible war against Germany. Now prior to this speech Britain’s foreign policy regarding Nazi expansion was one of appeasement. British Prime minister Neville Chamberlain believed that Germany had been unfairly treated by the allies after its defeat in the 1st world war. His view was that Germany had sincere grievances that needed to be resolved; he also thought that by agreeing to some of the propositions being made by fascist powers Germany and Italy such as the Munich agreement than Europe could potentially avoid the outbreak of another world war. Meanwhile in the United States a combination of events such as the great depression and the losses suffered in world war one had pushed the American opinion and policy towards isolationism. Many Americans argued that the United States shouldn’t intervene in European conflicts or politics that did not concern them. Churchill however believed that not only did Nazi Germany and Facist Italy pose a threat but that the rights, traditions and fundamental beliefs of western civilization were in jeopardy and so he made it his mission to ready the British people for war and appeal to the US for aide against this threat. Now in his speech the defence of freedom and peace Churchill utilizes a number of literary devices the first of which is Allusion. Allusion is a figure of speech that makes reference to a place, person or event real or imaginary and can refer to anything which includes artist paintings, opera, mythical figures and bible passages. Churchill uses this to grab his audience’s attention and engage them into the subject while also getting his message across to them without having to go through tedious details. The first example of allusion is when he states â€Å"he (meaning Hitler) must blood his hounds and show them sport or else like Actaeon of old, be devoured by them†. Here he is referring to an ancient tale in Greek mythology Actaeon was a man who was punished by the goddess Artemis for boasting that he was a better hunter than she as a consequence she turned him into a stag, and his hounds turned on him and killed him. What Churchill is trying to get across to his audience is that if Hitler does not constantly lead his allies and soldiers to victory, they will eventually turn against him, taking his power for themselves. Allusion was further demonstrated when Churchill states to his audience that the American people wash their hands of the whole buissness.
Wednesday, August 21, 2019
river island
river island Biography River Island was introduced by Bernard Lewis in 1948, a family business and it started out as a small shop in Londonwith the trading name of Lewis Separates. There have been many changes to the brand name such as Chelsea girl and Concept Man and not until 1989 its officially became known as RiverIsland today. Between the period of twenty years, from the 1960s to 1980s, Chelsea Girl was a well known high street store and was famous for its long haired girl logo. A group of approximately 45 students from Uxbridge and Middlesex has teamed together with the store to regain its reputation in the name of Chelsea Girl. River Island could considered to be one of the UKs biggest and most successful privately owned high street companies with over 250 stores operating all over the world and is still growing. Moreover, to ensure theirs customer a great, unique and fashionable look, unlike New Look and others high street stores which buy others brand design then altered it, River Island has their own in-house designer. River Island always focus on providing their customer the hottest look, hence, they also concentrate on providing their employees with a good working environment so that they can work efficiently and at their best. River Island stores across the country are always similar in both decoration and layout. In recent years, River Island has changed all of their stores to have a unique and similar layout. The general colour schemes are usually white walls with some emphasis of bright green to create a fresh feeling; the flooring is laid with creamy coffee coloured tiles with black paneling. Bri ght spot lights have also been used to create a posh look. In order to help the customer to feel comfortable and relaxed the stores have been designed to have an open air space which is simple but act as an effective background helping the clothes stand out and also enabling the customer to find their clothes. The layout of River Island is known to be like a walk-in boutique where you have trends that are divided into sections in the shop, which helps customers to know what theyre looking for, i.e. casual, smart or going out. Style River Island is a UKs leading high street brand, providing a big range of stylish clothes, but most importantly, their prices are affordable and the quality is great. River Island design clothes for both men and women at the age range from 16-30. With 250 stores and selling many different types of clothing like jeans, skirts, knit wear, jacket etc†¦ or even accessories such as jewelry or shoes. To â€Å"Get the most out of it†the company also provides online shopping so that it is more convenient for their customers. The design team represents the culture thats around them and thats the culture our customers understand, says Richard Bradbury, River Islands managing director. This year, the brand have reported mega profits, as mentioning this, River Island will have to thank their young team of designers, buyers and in-house stylists. The company‘s general theme for clothes line is usually smart looking, quite often the customer will see that there is a combination between smart-casual. Additional glitter, sequins, diamonds and jewels appear on all types of clothes to add a bit of bling and to meet with the young fashion trend. Moreover, these decorations also appear on purses or handbags so that they are all are matching. One of the company philosophies is focusing on finding new talent and bringing them up to contribute to the new high street trend, collection after collection is required to meet with demand of customers who searching for the new look everyday. In order to do that, every two weeks, Style Challenge is launched by one of our insiders. The themes will be different each time to make sure theres something for everyone. Youthful could consider being the inspiration for each design, but still could suit any age range as long as they are the person who is seeking a celebrity or catwalk style at a cheaper price. River Island always concentrated on the style and the quality. The company clothes are so trendy, chic, young, affordable and of a very high quality. Not only the clothes, but also the stores provide an exciting and fun environment to shop within. The average price of each garment is affordable: Ethical issue RiverIslandis committed to providing a fair deal between the company and their employees. The company has understood that to make an excellent business, it has to build strong relationship with its suppliers, consumers and employees. Corporate Social Responsibility has always been the companys strategy. Ethical Supply Chain At River Island, it works enthusiastically with its suppliers and official agencies around the world to provide a standard health and safety regulation to its employees. The company always ensures that their suppliers sign a contract which commit to World Wide Ethical standards and those who violate them will be prosecuted. To support this policy, the company have ordered the buying and technical teams to visit their factories throughout the year and actively engage in looking out for mistakes, hence, improve it. Today, River Island products are made across the world such as in the European Union, Turkey or India. Although there are many ethical and trading issues happening within fashion industry, River Island believes that through gradual changes, it will manage to solve the problem. According to source, â€Å"In June 2008 RiverIsland became a member of the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI). Established in 1998 the ETI is a trade union organization and non-governmental organisations committed to working together to identify and promote good practice in the implementation of codes of labour practice.†River Island committed to the adoption and integration of the ETI Base Code into our World Wide Ethical Policy through its supply chain. River Island believes that to be one a ETI member, the company will be able to gain more experience to tackle the related issues within the industry. Environment: Nowadays, being green is one of the main focuss of each individual company. In order to protect the environment, River Island is strictly committed to a number of main key points targeted such as : reducing problems the environment is having, this includes dropping levels of energy consumption (including the use of renewable energy sources) reducing the level of product packaging, increasing the levels of recycling and increasing the use of biodegradable materials. The retail environment of River Island is very edgy, lively and vivid. The staff are committed to provide the customer a high quality service. River Island also believes that making the customer feel happy is its first priority, as customer service is converted into sales in retail. Promotion In recent years, River Island has gained many important titles from its competitor. Top shop has been at the top for years but slowly losing its â€Å"style crown†losing its best shop on the high street title of three years to rival River Island. River Island also won in the best bags and best place to spend GBP50 categories in the Company Magazine. The winners were chosen by more than 6000 people trough the voting system on the â€Å"company.co.uk†website. River Island advertises itself in magazines for having garments, accessories or products that are copied from celebrities or the catwalk. In order to advertise and campaign, River Island has joined forces with Look in autumn 2007 the UKs first glossy high street fashion weekly magazine- to celebrate and introduce its autumn collection .The collection has been styled and photographed by the Look fashion team. More interestingly, River Islands store windows nationwide have also been specially designed by Look to make a connection between the company and the magazine to promote different aspects of the collection. Look publishing director Julie Lavington comments: We are extremely excited to be working with River Island on such a major project. The collaboration exemplifies our brand credentials, and its great that River Island are harnessing the power of Looks reputation as the authority on high street fashion. After all, were driving hundreds of thousands of women in-store every week !†.In order to expand its market sale, River Island has also launched an online marketing with NME.com (a music brand ). In addition, River Island have celebrities such as Pixie Lot and JLS to model its garments which brings fans to shop in River Island. Together with the advertising campaigns, River Island also sponsors Graduate Fashion Week which brings advertising all over the world, for designers and students who would love to start a career in the fashion industry. Fashion Weeks with new designs and colours, serve additionally to promote new concepts. These Fashion Weeks not only display an array of new products, but also serve to communicate with the audience visually. Dresses and accessories worn by models doing catwalks, are more lively and enthralling than the mere display on mannequins. Normally with a range of Fall, Spring, Summer and Winter collection, Fashion Weeks boost market demand and promote its associated businesses as well. In addition, presence in graduate fashion week is the opportunity for their company to have a review from other people who have visited the show. It gives peopl e an idea to what River Island has to offer as a fashion retail store and how they are incorporating designs from students into their clothing range. River Island was one of the retailers which has joined in High street fashion week to show its line up. The event was taking place on Londons Oxford Street from September 7 to September 11. This is a great opportunity to promote the company image. River Island satisfies its customers with trend, quality, design and durability. That is one reason that River Island is, day by day, getting support and demands by its customers. It provides a range of comfortable draper footwear to soothe aching feet of all day long. River Island won the Draper Footwear Award in 2008 while another proof of its excellence emerged when this brand bagged ‘LK Today Fashion High Street Fashion Award for Best Denim. Fashion is not only a phenomenon for luxurious life, but this concept deals with humanity as well. That is why, modern fashion companies are aware for the fact of supporting special people of society with special needs. River Island is responsive towards special people and that is why it supports BDF (Birth Defect Foundation), now known as New Life Foundation Other than the BDF, River Island also helps Heart and Design; an association that combines creativity of fashion communities with heart and lungs treatment. Fashion is not only for healthy people, but it also helps to make ailing people healthy, it supports them in fighting for health. River Island is a well know high street brand that has over 50 years experience on fashion retail, it provides a big range of stylish clothes but most importantly its price are affordable and its products are good quality. The company satisfies its customers with trend, quality, design, global, human, culture and society friendly. At one end it emphasises collective psychology and trends of a society, and at the other end, it deals with the individual needs of customer care. Healthy trends, balanced life, and busy lifestyle are, what the modern fashion companies have to consider deeply. It is no more a matter of looking good and attractive, true fashion and accessories join comfort and trend together.
Tuesday, August 20, 2019
Calculation of Payback Period for Investor Return
Calculation of Payback Period for Investor Return Executive Summary The report exclusively deals with the Accounting and Financial Management. The report has been divided into two broad types. The first part deals with the calculations regarding the payback period, average accounting return and break-even analysis. This part of the report also explains the various aspects of the same. The next half of the report is based on the calculations related with the Horizontal and vertical analysis. Further, it also explains the different patterns and trends present in the Income Statement and Balance Sheet based on the calculations done. Introduction The primary objective of accounting in any business is to help that business make the maximum profit after tax. Unless accounting makes its full contribution to that objective, its cost cannot be justified. In today’s industry, one of the ways accounting pays for itself is to help management to control operations. Another way is to help management utilize its working capital to the greatest possible advantage. Every business has important financial concerns and its success or failure depends in a large part on the quality of its financial decisions. Effective financial decision making requires an understanding of the goal(s) of the firm. The widely accepted objective of the firm is to maximize the value of firm for its owners, i.e. to maximize shareholders wealth (MAYER, R. et al, 2005). Hence, the accounting and financial management has become an integral part of business in the twenty-first century. The concept of payback period, average accounting return, breakeven analysis, trend analysis and vertical analysis are very important for any business, big or small. Discussion 2.1 Problem 1 A company is considering a capital project costing  £ 400,000. The sales forecasts, together with the forecast expenditure are shown below: Table 1: Sales and Expenditure Forecast Year Sales ( £) Cost of Sales ( £) Other variable costs ( £) Fixed costs except depreciation ( £) Depreciation ( £) 1 200,000 60,000 20,000 30,000 100,000 2 300,000 90,000 30,000 30,000 100,000 3 400,000 120,000 40,000 30,000 100,000 4 300,000 90,000 30,000 30,000 100,000 1,200,000 360,000 120,000 120,000 400,000 The above problem can be formulated in the form of Income Statement as below: Table 2: Income Statement of the Company Years 1 2 3 4 Sales 200,000 300,000 400,000 300,000 Cost of Sales (60,000) (90,000) (120,000) (90,000) Gross Profit: 140,000 210,000 280,000 210,000 Variable Cost (20,000) (30,000) (40,000) (30,000) Earnings before Fixed Charges: 120,000 180,000 240,000 180,000 Fixed Cost (30,000) (30,000) (30,000) (30,000) Earnings before tax and depreciation: 90,000 150,000 210,000 150,000 Depreciation (100,000) (100,000) (100,000) (100,000) Net Income: -10,000 50,000 110,000 50,000 2.1.1 Calculation of Payback period for the Project The payback period for the project is the length of time to get your money back (FABOZZI and PETERSON, 2003). In this problem, the company has invested  £ 400,000. The table below shows the expected cash flows in the four years: Table 3: Expected Cash Flows of the Company End of Year Expected Cash Flows Accumulated Cash Flows 1 90,000 90,000 2 150,000 240,000 3 210,000 450,000 4 150,000 600,000 From the table above, it is clear that at the end of Year 2, the full  £400,000 will not be paid back. We need to have some amount from Year 3 as well. The amount needed from Year 4 will be  £400,000 – 240,000 =  £160,000. Hence, the payback period is calculated as: Payback Period: 2 years + 160,000/210,000 = 2.762 years = 2 years and 9 months (Approx.) Thus, the Payback period for the company is 2 years and 9 months. Calculation of the Average Accounting Return The Average Accounting Return (AAR) measures the return on an investment, after taxes and depreciation, over a specified period. Mathematically, the ratio is equivalent to the expected average earnings less taxes and depreciation, divided by the average book value over the duration of the investment. According to table 2 above, we need to find the values of: Average project earning after tax and depreciation Average Net Income = Sum of all Net Incomes / No. Of Years = (-10,000 + 50,000 + 110,000 + 50,000) / 5 =  £ 50,000 Average book value of the investment during its life time The depreciation for each year is  £ 100,000. Thus, the yearly book value of investment is given by: Table 4: Book Values Year Book Value 1 400,000 2 300,000 3 200,000 4 100,000 5 0 Average book value = Sum of all book values / No. Of years = 400,000 + 300,000 + 200,000 + 100,000 + 0 / 5 =  £ 200,000 Average Accounting Return (AAR) = 50,000 / 200,000 = 0.25 Therefore, the Average Accounting Return for the invested  £ 400,000 after taxes and depreciation is 25 %. Break-Even Analysis for the Project One of the most common tools used in evaluating the economic feasibility of a new enterprise or product is the break-even analysis. The break-even point is the point at which revenue is exactly equal to costs (HOLLAND, 1998). At this point, no profit is made and no losses are incurred. The break-even point can be expressed in terms of unit sales or pound sales. That is, the break-even units indicate the level of sales that are required to cover costs. Sales above that number result in profit and sales below that number result in a loss. The break-even sales indicate the pound of gross sales required to break-even. So, a break-even cannot be calculated only once. It should be calculated on a regular basis to reflect changes in costs and prices and in order to maintain profitability or make adjustments in the product line. 1 Break-even (Sales) = Total Fixed Cost / (1- Total Variable Cost / Sales) For Year 1, BEP (Sales) = 130,000 / (1- 80,000 / 200,000) =  £ 216,666.67 For the Year 2, 3 and 4 also same BEP (Sales) value came due to proportionate change in total fixed cost, total variable cost and sales. This figure is the level of sales that the company must reach in order to break even. Again, if the company is reaching more than this, then it should be making a profit and if it is not, the company will not be selling enough to cover the fixed expenses. Thus, no profits are made from the sale of product until more than  £ 216,666.67 in gross sales is generated. ____________________ Source: 1, HODGETTS KURATKO,1986. As sales increases, variable costs are incurred, meaning that total costs (fixed + variable) also increase. At low levels of output, costs are greater than income. At the point of intersection (total sales and total cost intersection), costs are exactly equal to income, and hence neither profit nor loss made. This point of intersection is called the Break-even point which is found to be  £ 216,666.67. In the first year, the total sale made by the company is  £ 200,000. But BEP (Sales) is found to be  £ 216,666.67. That means, the company is still short of  £ 16,666.67 in order to make neither profit nor loss i.e. BEP. In the second year, the total sale made by the company is  £300,000. Compared to the BEP (Sales) which is  £ 216,666.67; the company is now making profit. And it continues to do that for year 3 and 4 as well. Thus, break-even analysis helps a company to maintain profitability when costs and prices changes. 2.2 Problem 2 The Horizontal and vertical analyses on financial statements of the Geneva Palace Hotel are as follows: Table 5: Income Statement (Horizontal Analysis) Income Statement Geneva Palace Hotel For the Years Ending 31 December 2005, 2006 and 2008 2005 % ( 2005-2006) 2006 % (2006-2007) 2007 Food Sales Revenue  £ 1,700,500 5.26  £ 1,790,000 4.00  £ 1,861,600 Cost of Goods Sold 471,128 6.38 501,200 8.00 541,296 Gross Profit 1,229,372 4.83 1,288,800 2.44 1,320,304 Operating Expenses Salaries and Wages 541,654 12.36 608,600 9.00 663,374 Employee Benefits 63,008 13.64 71,600 11.00 79,476 Laundry Expenses 17,005 5.26 17,900 3.50 18,527 Supplies Expenses 52,089 3.09 53,700 3.50 55,580 Advertising 16,826 6.38 17,900 6.00 18,974 Utilities 36,860 3.09 38,000 1.50 38,570 Maintenance 16,910 12.36 19,000 10.00 20,900 Other Expenses 38,800 3.09 40,000 1.50 40,600 Total Operating Expenses 783,152 10.67 866,700 8.00 936,001 Income Before Fixed Charges 446,220 -5.41 422,100 -8.95 384,303 Fixed Charges Rent 19,400 3.09 20,000 4.00 20,800 Property Taxes 9,400 6.38 10,000 5.00 10,500 Insurance 4,250 17.65 5,000 20.00 6,000 Interest 76,000 5.26 80,000 4.00 83,200 Depreciation 19,200 4.17 20,000 4.00 20,800 Total Fixed Charges 128,250 5.26 135,000 4.67 141,300 Inc
Monday, August 19, 2019
The Rivalry between Germany and Britain Essay -- Papers world war one
The Rivalry between Germany and Britain The direct cause of the First World War, the spark that set it off in other words, was the assassination of the Austrian archduke Francis Ferdinand, who was heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife by a Serbian student in Sarajevo in June 1914. A month later Austria declared war against Serbia. This local warfare brought Russia, Germany and France straight into fight, and in the end got other European Powers such as Britain, and even Japan and America involved thus became a world wide armed conflict. There are many arguments that have been made among historians about grounds of such war. So many theories have been found, and discussed for decades. Yet the controversy has not seen its end and is still growing. Imperialism, militarism, rise of nationalism, and the alliance systems are often named as the major causes. However, when historians come to discuss militarism on this subject, their theme tends to be based around whether or not a sense of rivalry between Germany and Britain was one of the primary causes. The purpose of this paper is answering the essay question above by examining the Anglo-German relations before 1914, and its significance on outbreak of the war. Before start, it should be made clear what it is meant by the words "major cause" in the title above. Examiner's use of the word "major" can be vague. Does she mean the major cause as the factor that has direct and decisive impact upon the incident? If so, the answer to this question is no. The war did not arise originally from between Germany and Britain, and reason for them to join the war, on the surface, appeared to be alliances with the other countries involved. Yet, there is other interpretat... ...y of Europe 1815-1914`. Second Edition. Longman Group Limited. Berghahn, V.R.1987. `Modern Germany`, Society, economy and politics in the twentieth Century. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. Joll, James. 1990.`Europe Since 1870`, An International History. Forth Edition. Penguin. Larr, Jon. `An Overview of World War 1`. http://members.aol.com/sniper43/worldwar1.html Layton, G.1995. `access to history`, From BISMARCK to HITLER: GERMANY 1890-1933. Hodder & Stoughton. Roberts, J.M.1989. `Europe 1880-1945`, A General History of Europe. Second Edition. Addison Wesley Longman Limited. Wolfson, R. and Laver, J. 1996.`Years of Change, Europe 1890-1945`. Second Edition. Hodder & Stoughton.
Sunday, August 18, 2019
Doing Soft Labor Essay examples -- Personal Narrative Writing
Doing Soft Labor When women, particularly young mothers, get together, occasionally the conversation will drift toward childbirth. You hear stories of long labors, mistakes made by doctors or nurses, cesarean sections, excruciating pain, complications, and so forth. Mothers are always eager to tell their "horror" story and will inform you of all the stories of friends and relatives, but sometimes, someone will come up with the story of the incredibly quick labor; and the woman who experiences that labor quickly becomes the envy, and most hated, of the group. Fortunately, I have been that woman twice, and frankly I'm proud of it, labor was one of the easiest tasks I've ever accomplished! It was around May of 1991 that my husband and I found out that we were going to be parents for the first time and, honestly, it was the scariest thing I've ever heard! Not that I never wanted to become a mother, but I had been married a little over a year and I wasn't sure that we were ready. Beside that, all the stories I heard about labor were horrifying!! Who in this world wants to go through thirty-six hours of pain and suffering? I kept hearing Carol Burnett telling men to take their bottom lip, and pull it over the top of their head so they could experience the same pain. My mom even scared me when she told me that she went through twenty-six hours of labor before the doctors concluded that her pelvic bone was too small to allow my brother to come naturally, forcing a cesarean section. But after discussing this with my husband Chriss, he and I decided that this was meant to be, and quickly became elated over the prospect of hearing the precious cooing of an adorable baby in abo ut six months. Throughout my pregnancy, terrible though... ...ppen. But they helped me into my gown and brought me into the beautiful birthing room, the first place my baby will ever see, and hooked me up to all the monitors and gizmos that, I guess, are necessary to have a baby with. Seconds later, it was time to push, and without any drugs, and a few cruel words from me to the nurse and Chriss, Nicole was born, in only twenty minutes. I know the pain was there, but after seeing my beautiful daughter, and knowing she was drug free and healthy, I cannot recall any of it; all the paranoia and stress amounted to just that, paranoia and stress. Two years and almost one month later, Dr. Rotermund's colleague, Dr. Senior, decided to induce the labor of my second child to prevent a repeat, and again she was right. With a few threats shouted toward my husband and fifteen minutes from the onset of hard labor pains, Nadine was born.
George of the Jungle :: Art
George of the Jungle The film â€Å"George of the Jungle†, directed by Sam Weisman is a romantic comedy and parody. In other words, it fully rips off Tarzan and makes a classic story seem stupid. In the beginning of the film the audience is shown a short cartoon about how George came to be in the jungle. When he was a baby George was flying over the jungle in a plane when it crashed. The passengers never found him and so apes raised him. Then the scene it cut to the present when a woman called Ursula came to the jungle as a tourist. She meets her materialist fiance Lyle Vanderbrute unexpectedly who wants to get out of the jungle as soon as possible. Lyle drags Ursula to see the apes but then a lion traps them. This is when George appears and saves Ursula by owning the lion in wrestling. Then George carries her off, takes care of her and goes back to the city with her. Then George’s friend, an educated ape, is kidnapped by poachers and George races back to save him. Ursula realises she loves George and goes after George, helps him bash the poachers and lives with him happily ever after in the jungle. This film is extremely good, if the audience were three–year–olds. It has an extraordinarily shallow and predictable plot and the gags and jokes are simply not funny. The actions of the characters are overtly exaggerated and very unrealistic. And the depth of the characters is about that of paper cuttings. This movie is designed to be viewed by people with the IQ of under fifty points. And frankly, I feel insulted at being made to watch this poor excuse of a study subject. There are, however, silly moments in the film. Like when we see a picture of a powerful, godlike human swinging through the jungle. The narrator has built up our expectation of greatness then, suddenly. The â€Å"hero†slams into a tree. This provides the audience with a laugh – the first time, but then, as if the scriptwriter ran out of ideas, they keep doing it again and again and again†¦ I was trying not to chuck things at the television and video recorder after the fifth time. I mean, its good making the viewers laugh – it’s a comedy, after all. But if I could I would slap the film crew each around the face and say: â€Å"Look people, if you can’t think of more than one gag for a comedy, try doing a serious film instead embarrassing yourselves in front of millions of people and corrupting their minds!†George of the Jungle :: Art George of the Jungle The film â€Å"George of the Jungle†, directed by Sam Weisman is a romantic comedy and parody. In other words, it fully rips off Tarzan and makes a classic story seem stupid. In the beginning of the film the audience is shown a short cartoon about how George came to be in the jungle. When he was a baby George was flying over the jungle in a plane when it crashed. The passengers never found him and so apes raised him. Then the scene it cut to the present when a woman called Ursula came to the jungle as a tourist. She meets her materialist fiance Lyle Vanderbrute unexpectedly who wants to get out of the jungle as soon as possible. Lyle drags Ursula to see the apes but then a lion traps them. This is when George appears and saves Ursula by owning the lion in wrestling. Then George carries her off, takes care of her and goes back to the city with her. Then George’s friend, an educated ape, is kidnapped by poachers and George races back to save him. Ursula realises she loves George and goes after George, helps him bash the poachers and lives with him happily ever after in the jungle. This film is extremely good, if the audience were three–year–olds. It has an extraordinarily shallow and predictable plot and the gags and jokes are simply not funny. The actions of the characters are overtly exaggerated and very unrealistic. And the depth of the characters is about that of paper cuttings. This movie is designed to be viewed by people with the IQ of under fifty points. And frankly, I feel insulted at being made to watch this poor excuse of a study subject. There are, however, silly moments in the film. Like when we see a picture of a powerful, godlike human swinging through the jungle. The narrator has built up our expectation of greatness then, suddenly. The â€Å"hero†slams into a tree. This provides the audience with a laugh – the first time, but then, as if the scriptwriter ran out of ideas, they keep doing it again and again and again†¦ I was trying not to chuck things at the television and video recorder after the fifth time. I mean, its good making the viewers laugh – it’s a comedy, after all. But if I could I would slap the film crew each around the face and say: â€Å"Look people, if you can’t think of more than one gag for a comedy, try doing a serious film instead embarrassing yourselves in front of millions of people and corrupting their minds!â€
Saturday, August 17, 2019
Suggestion of an Ideal Business Environment Appraisal Tool for Consensus Caring Homes Group
Introduction One of the characteristics of the present day organisational environment is its proneness to change. It is therefore advisable for organisations to ensure that they employ ideal analysis tools in evaluation their internal and external business environments (Teece, 2010). By so doing, they will be able to formulate and implement strategies that will enable them to successfully wade through these changes and maintain their relevance to the people or clients that they target. There are different environmental appraisal tools that can be used in evaluating the internal and external environments of an organisation (Gazzola et al., 2011). Selection of these techniques is based on several factors, one of these being the aspects that the organisation is interested in knowing (Cadle et al., 2010). This paper suggests and justifies the most ideal environmental appraisal technique that can be used by Consensus Caring Homes Group, a charitable organisation that provides specialist services for a dults with learning disabilities in Scotland, Wales and England. Proposed Environmental Analysis Technique The ideal analysis tool that can be used by Consensus Caring Homes Group is SWOT analysis. This technique evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that characterise a business (Cadle et al., 2010). Strengths and weaknesses are internal aspects of the organisation, while opportunities and threats are elements of the external environment and out of the organisation’s control. Aspects that are considered when establishing strengths and weaknesses of an organisation include its financial capabilities, its physical resources, the effectiveness of its workforce, quality of goods or services it offers to its clients and its organisational structure, among others (Helms, 2010). On the other hand, factors of the external market that can be analysed by this framework include the clients’ trends, economic conditions, demographics of the target markets, legislation and the rivalry in the industry, among others (Lussier, 2011). The reasons why this technique has been selected over the other available analysis tools are discussed below. Justification of the selection of SWOT Approach According to Cadle et al. (2010), this analysis is ideal for the strategic planning process of an organisation, which Consensus Caring Homes Group intends to carry out. On carrying out an effective and comprehensive SWOT analysis, companies are able to evaluate the new ventures in which they can involve themselves and their capabilities to do so. They are also able to identify the changes to be made in order to reduce or eliminate the weaknesses and evade the potential threats that they might face (Helms, 2010). This therefore enables organisations’ management teams to communicate the strategic adjustments that need to be made. As opposed to many other frameworks, the SWOT analysis approach as earlier discussed analyses both the internal and external business environments. The PESTEL analysis framework, for instance, only provides an overview of the external environmental factors – political, economic, social, technological and legal – affecting a certain organisation or industry (Cadle et al., 2010). It must therefore be combined with an internal analysis technique for an organisation to make an ideal decision on the strategic direction that can be taken. This is also the case with techniques that only provide an internal environmental analysis like the VRIN framework which evaluates whether a certain resource of an organisation can provide it with a sustainable competitive advantage (Warner, 2010). This convenience that is provided by the SWOT analysis gives it an edge because it guides how internal capabilities can be used in utilising opportunities and evading threats in the external busi ness environment. The simplicity of the SWOT analysis approach also makes it ideal for analysis, especially if a quick strategic decision in the organisations has to be made. According to Cadle et al. (2010), anyone with a good understanding or knowledge of the business can carry out a SWOT analysis. The fact that it does not need a high degree of specialisation to be used also makes it a cost-effective approach because rather than hiring external specialists to carry out an environmental analysis, a staff member with vast knowledge of the organisation can be asked to carry it out (Helms, 2010). Even with the mentioned advantages of SWOT analysis over the other frameworks, several researchers have questioned its effectiveness. One of these disadvantages is that it does not weigh the elements listed as strengths, opportunities, weaknesses or threats according to their levels of significance (Helms, 2010). This makes it challenging for the impacts of these factors to be determined. The analysis has also faced criticism for being subject to bias, depending on the parties involved in carrying out the analysis (Cadle et al., 2010). Applicability of the SWOT analysis approach on Consensus Caring Homes Group This section bases on the SWOT analysis framework to highlight the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Consensus Caring Homes Group. As the organisation intends to make strategic plans to improve its service delivery and position in the industry, this analysis will be effective in guiding its decision making process. Strengths The organisation serves the elderly with a wide range of learning disabilities. These include mild, moderate and severe learning disabilities, Down’s syndrome and autism spectrum conditions (Consensus, 2014a). This provides the elderly with such conditions with an all-inclusive care plan for learning disabilities, eliminating the need for referrals. Staff members and volunteers are also highly dedicated towards providing the much needed services for the elderly with learning disabilities. The superiority of their service quality earned the organisation recognition as the ‘Specialist Care Provider of the Year’ in 2011’s Health Investor Awards (Carehome.co.uk, 2014). This has created a good reputation for the organisation, which enables it to attract more investors. The fact that Consensus Caring Homes Group has offices throughout Scotland, Wales and England makes it accessible to a wide range of people in need of its services (Consensus, 2014b). To the target groups, it shows its dedication towards serving them. Its premises are also located in areas that are accessible to transportation, making accessibility easy for caregivers and patients moving to and from the homes. The strategic partnerships that the organisation has formed with other primary care units and local authorities within the United Kingdom also assures it of the support it needs in accessing funds or alternative healthcare solutions for its patients (Carehome.co.uk, 2014). Weaknesses One of the weaknesses or Consensus Caring Homes Group is that it has been in existence for only about 10 years since its inception in 2004 (Consensus, 2014a). Whereas it is endeavouring to strengthen its position, it lacks the experience that other organisations that have been in the industry for longer possess. The high dependence on the local government for funding is also a weakness for the organisation because in many cases, the funding is conditional. If it fails to meet the standards set by the local government, the funding may be cut. The organisation experiences occasional insufficiency of funds, which makes it challenging for it to compensate its workers and motivate them to deliver high quality services. This also contributes to a high turnover rate for employees. Some of the organisations premises have not been designed to sufficiently carter for people with other physical disabilities. This makes it challenging for them to move around or use some facilities when visiting these homes. Opportunities Improvement in service delivery by the organisation provides it with the opportunity of attracting more investors (Ordanini et al., 2011). This will reduce the funding challenges that it is currently facing. In addition to only dealing with learning disability issues for the elderly, the organisation can expand to also incorporate other health issues that affect the elderly rather than referring them to other facilities. This will enable them to effectively monitor the progress of their patients. The technological advancements and research breakthroughs that are being experienced in the field of mental healthcare provide the organisation with the opportunity of offering better diagnosis and remedies for the patients that it targets (Rosenberg et al., 2012). Threats As aforementioned, the organisation heavily relies on funding from the local government. In case of a regime change, the changes that might take place in budgetary allocations may bring about a threat of reduction or termination of funding (Teece, 2010). A diminishing quality of service, especially during periods of insufficient funding, threatens the good reputation of the organisation (Ordanini et al., 2011). This not only repels patients from seeking its services, but also increases scepticism among investors and well wishers who fund its operations. Employees may also resign citing poor remuneration, exposing the organisation to competition from other enterprises offering the same services. Conclusion A periodic appraisal or evaluation of internal and external business environments of an organisation is ideal for strategic planning. One of the widely used frameworks of analysis whish has been addressed in this paper is the SWOT analysis technique, which highlights the internal strengths and weaknesses, and the external opportunities and threats. Whereas it has several advantages over other analysis techniques, it also has a few shortcomings, which have been addressed. An example SWOT analysis that has been carried out on Consensus Caring Homes Group in this paper has listed most of the factors that it needs to consider before making a strategic decision regarding its performance. References Cadle, J., Paul, D. & Turner. P. ?(2010). Business Analysis Techniques: 72 Essential Tools for Success. Chippenham: BCS, The Chartered Institute. Carehome.co.uk. (2014). Care Homes Owned by Consensus: Info & Members. [Online] Available at: http://www.carehome.co.uk/care_search_results.cfm/searchgroup/36151030CARB [Accessed 21 November 2014]. Consensus. (2014)a. Consensus Support Website: What Support do we offer[Online] Available at: http://www.consensussupport.com/ [Accessed 21 November 2014]. Consensus (2014)b. The Consensus Support website: Where are we located[Online] Available at: http://www.consensussupport.com/ [Accessed 21 November 2014]. Gazzola, P. et al. (2011). Enhancing environmental appraisal effectiveness: Towards an understanding of internal context conditions in organisational learning. Planning Theory & Practice, 12(2):183-204. Helms, M.M. &. Nixon, J. (2010). Exploring SWOT analysis–where are we now?: A review of academic research from the last decade. Journal of Strategy and Management, 3(3): 215-51. Lussier, R. (2011). Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development. Mason: Cengage Learning. Ordanini, A., Miceli, L., Pizzetti, M. & Parasuraman, A. (2011). Crowd-funding: transforming customers into investors through innovative service platforms. Journal of Service Management, 22(4):443-70. Rosenberg, L., Kottorp, A. & Nygard, L. (2012). Readiness for Technology Use With People With Dementia The Perspectives of Significant Others. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 31(4):510-30. Teece, D.J. (2010). Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Long Range Planning, 43(2):172-94. Warner, A.G. (2010). Strategic Analysis and Choice: A Structured Approach. California: Business Expert Press.
Friday, August 16, 2019
Implication of Science and Technology Essay
Implication of Science and Technology to mans’ use is as old as 2500 B.C or much earlier when the people, of Indus Valley Civilization came to know first time about the fire and the wheel. Wheel is the mother of all technological innovations of today and discovery of fire is the man’s first experience about energy. Since then, man’s curiosity and meticulous efforts have helped him for new inventions and discoveries. But Science and Technology got its real recognition in India during the British period and were established to meet the needs and requirements of the then government. During 19th century, when the whole Europe passed through a phase of Industrial Revolution, the Britishers also put emphasis on development of Science and Technology in India. Establishment of railway system, building of canals and development of a network of meteorological stations began. The first scientific survey of this country was done during this time. Several academic institutions, such as Asiatic Society in Calcutta in 1784, the Indian Association for the Advancement of Science in 1876 and many others were created All these generated a greater awareness of science in the country and eventually led to the birth of modern science in India between 1890 and 1940. However, the end of the last century and the first 50 years of the present one was a period of renaissance of science for India. Renowned scientists like Sir J. C. Bose, C. V. Raman, S. N. Bose, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Dr. Homi J. Bhabha, the father of India’s nuclear power, Vikram Sarabhai, Dr. Har Govind Singh Khorana etc. became well-known for their notable scientific researches in various fields and brought name and fame for the country. During post independence period and through the vision of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru the then Prime Minister, Science and Technology were developed in a conscious way as a major force for accelerating social and economic change. Nehru clearly expressed his views in his ‘Discovery of India’: â€Å"It was science alone that could solve the problems of hunger and poverty, of insanitation and illiteracy, of superstition and doddering custom and tradition, of vast resources running to waste, of a rich country inhabited by starving people,†Programme of ‘Green Revolution’ has made it true. Now, in the fields of space research, atomic energy, biotechnology and agriculture, India has achieved a lot. Continuous emergence of new areas and micro areas are gradually gaining the importance and specialized research areas like Superconductivity, Laser, Supercomputers, Robots and Robotics, Information Technology, Optic fibers etc. have resulted in a vast expansion in the areas/fields of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY activities. India is still lagging behind in the field of energy; specifically harnessing clean, safe and non-polluting energy through exaltation of non-conventional resources. Solar energy, the limitless source (the sun) provided by the nature, is still underutilized. Though much is achieved, but more is left unattended. Hence, with the consistent support of the government as well as private institutions today there are about 3000 public and private institutions engaged in basic/fundamental, applied researches and development works in various fields of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
Thursday, August 15, 2019
Minorities and Women in Criminal Justice Essay
There are many key issues impacting minorities and women in the criminal justice system . Sexism still exists in the United States. Sexism against women is shown in the media and indicates that sexism still pervades in our society. Another key issue is the overrepresentation and disparities among minorities in the criminal justice system. After the act of September 11, racial profiling and other acts of racial hate crimes suggests that racism occurs. Another key issue that indicates that racial disparities occur in the criminal justice system is the overrepresentation of minorities in the Juvenile Justice system. Sexism against women- Sexism still pervades in our society. A clear example of this is the way Hillary Clinton was treated in the elections. Hillary faced many gender-based abuse by the media and many individuals. â€Å"Multiple studies on women in national security have shown concerns about the progression of women into senior leadership positions (Erbe, 2008).†Some feel women are inferior to men, this is clearly a form of sexism. Statistics from U.S. Bureau of Justice indicates that women are much more likely than men to experience â€Å"nonfatal intimate partner violence†. 30% of female homicide victims are estimated to have been killed by intimate partners in comparison to 5% male homicide victims. In the past, women were not included in higher education. When women were included in higher education , they were encouraged into majors that were less intellectual. Women have been excluded from participating in many professions. Based on a 2009 study conducted by Cornell University on the topic of CEOs, research suggests that while being obese limit’s the career opportunities of both women and men, being a bit overweight harms only female executives and may actually benefit male executives. There’s also a disparity of wages between men and women. Today, women earn 75% of the income of men. Research conducted suggest that mothers are 44% less likely to be hired than women with otherwise identical resumes, experience, and qualifications, and if hired are offered on an average $11,000 a year less than women without children. On the other hand, men without children earn on an average $7,500 less than men with children. Discrimination in juvenile justice system- The Juvenile Justice System was established in the late 1800s. Juvenile did not have much Constitutional rights until recently when the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act was established in 1968. The act was created to help juveniles who are in danger of becoming delinquent by providing assistance. The juvenile justice system is separate from the adult criminal court system. African American juveniles are overrepresented in the Juvenile justice system. Statistics show that the criminal justice system discriminates against racial minorities. Racial disparities questions the treatment of juveniles by the police, courts/juvenile justice system . Cases are affected by race in the front end of the system. Black males are more likely to be detained compared to whites. USA Today article indicates that minorities fare worse in traffic stops. Police use more force against Blacks and Hispanics. Report concludes with disturbing disparities as to what happens to minorities after the stop. Recommendations for the criminal justice system include; building accountability in the exercise of discretion by police and prosecutors, and improve the diversity of low enforcement personnel. Other recommendations include; improving the collection of criminal justice data relevant to racial consequences of criminal convictions. Minorities-The USA Patriot Act was passed after September 11, 2006 when the United States was attacked by terrorist. The act was passed on October 26, 2001 by members of the congress. â€Å"The Patriot Act stretches terrorism laws to include domestic terrorism which can cause political organizations to surveillance, wiretapping, harassment, and criminal action (Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA Patriot Act) 2001)†. Law enforcement can conduct secret searches at their will. They can have access to medical, financial, mental health and student records with minimal oversight. Many feel that new legislation and enforcement of The Patriot Act takes away our freedom and some feel that this will protect us and possibly prevent another attack. There are many disadvantages of The Patriot Act. Many Arabs and Asian immigrants have been interrogated not for a wrong act but because of religion or ethnic background. New Federal Executive Branch actions have discriminated Arabs and Asians. Thousands of Asian and Arab men have been held in custody for weeks and months, without any charges filed against them. An action such as these by the government is supported by The Patriot Act yet it threatens the First Amendment which is supposed to protect our freedom of religion, speech assembly, and the press. It also threatens the fourth Amendment which is freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. There is a lack of information within the patriot act that shows evidence that this act was a major reason for September 11 terrorist attacks. This act is an invasion of privacy with inadequate security benefits. The government is given the opportunity and power to investigate and search people’s homes without good cause. Inaccurate information collected by the government can be kept on file permanently and viewed by law enforcement officers. This personal and flawed information can be used against the American citizen to create hardship. A file can be created not based on criminal actions or misconduct but based on suspicion. It is evident the Patriot act threatens some of the amendments in the bill of rights and invades our privacy. There are many pros and cons to The Patriot Act. Citizens have to give up some individual rights in results of saving lives. The Act is meant to protect the U.S. society, civil rights and liberty. Liberty has to be sacrificed to obtain security. Community policing can address the fear that an individual citizen experiences after any act â€Å"Instead of de-emphasizing community policing efforts, police departments should realize that community policing may be more important than ever in dealing with terrorism in their communities (Homeland Security)†. Despite the progress and transition that our country has experienced, unfortunately sexism and racial disparities still exist within the criminal justice system. References Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA Patriot Act) Act of 2001. Retrieved Aug 14, 2009 from: www.eff.org/censorship.terrorism.militias Despite Democrats Opposition, House Reauthorizes Patriot Act. Retrieved August 14, 2008 from: http://proquest.umi.com. www.Aclu.org http://www.homelandsecurity.org
Wednesday, August 14, 2019
Current Economic Policy Proposal Under Debate In Japan
The current economic policy of Japan does not give any support to non-profitable organizations, indebted institutes, banking sector that has a direct impact on working class of the society. It is said that current policy can drive many companies into bankruptcy.The ultimate result can be that many working class people will loose job and unemployment can increase. In order to raise the profitability and decrease the losses on the economy it was estimated that there will be 40% loss on salaries. That would have a damaging impact on their living and spending. It would resemble the era of post war (Conachy, 2001).Koizumi has advocated a system in order to bring reforms in the current economic status. His reforms were proposed to reduce further debt growth, privatization of certain companies in order to pay off debts of states, and avoid bankruptcies.Koizumi said, â€Å"There will be companies going bankrupt and increased unemployment, but if we are fearful of unemployment, we will never see the recovery of the Japanese economy.†According to Koizumi for any future economic growth first we’ll have to suffer some initial turmoil, corporate bankruptcies and increase in unemployment. There are no such rules to boost economical status in a matter of day or weeks. Quick boost to have immediate financial outcomes is not possible (Conachy, 2001).Japan need to completely reform the current policy in order to get fruitful results. For this Japan will have to go through a recession period. According to Koizumi, â€Å"There are people who say emergency economic measures should come first, but the reason the economy is not recovering is the lack of structural-reform policy†¦..It is important for Japan to go through ‘negative economic growth’â€â€or recessionâ€â€before it could begin to expand again.†(Conachy, 2001)Koizumi is the fourth candidate in election and suggests that if given charge he would form a coalition government with the opposition parties. His position is very strong in politics and might get most the votes in the upcoming elections (Conachy, 2001).Few banks including Bank of Japan and Central bank are considering increasing interest rates and monitoring the results. The interest rate was fixed to zero but raised at 0.25 at the central bank in last July.The economy of Japan is in turmoil because of policy changes. In many instances Bank of Japan is blamed for these damaging impacts.Japan has the second largest economy of the world. It grew in the last decades because there was considerable increase in investment from the businesses side reaching 2.2 from 0.8% and increased funds from consumer spending to 1.1%. In last December the inflation was slowed with GDP rate of expansion reached to 4.8%.It is hoped that this will cause an economic recovery. According to Goldman Sachs, â€Å"growth suggests there is a high likelihood of the mechanism underlying the economic recovery being sustained in t he first quarter and beyond.†According to Akio Makabe, â€Å"Raising rates would go opposite to the government's policy of spurring economic growth through lower rates and a cheap yen, it would be difficult to persuade the government with a rate hike when there is little inflation.†(Bloomberg News, 2007)The current increase in GDP rates is contrasting government decision of economic policy to reduce the price of yen and ultimately no hike from the government side can be expected due to reduced inflation.
Tuesday, August 13, 2019
Critically assess the relevance of self-esteem to achieve a Essay
Critically assess the relevance of self-esteem to achieve a consistently high performance in sport - Essay Example While this may seem easy for some, for most it is a matter of time and practice. Gaining sufficient self-esteem or self confidence normally takes months or years to develop; and this is in general compounded by achievements and fame that separates an individual from his contemporaries or peers. Although some might say that destiny or fate has something to do with having self-esteem, the actual truth is that athletes who excel in their chosen skills have a very supportive group in the person of their respective coaches and family (parents). In relation to the universal theory, self-esteem is likewise perceived from the expectancy value theory that best describes motivation or stimulus as the main result of a person’s personal principle about his or her actions and the importance they place on the consequence of such actions (Pajares, 1996). To make it simpler, the expectancy value theory regarding self-esteem is that an individual performs an action because he or she has a reas on for doing this. As such the result or outcome of the actions which an individual does is anticipated by the doer making it quite valuable and desirable. Hence the drive or motivation is a factor considered by most as the core behind why particular actions or deeds are sometime carried out. In connection to sports, athletes do their best to constantly perform to perfection or always aim to win in a game. The reason or core behind such motivation is that they will eventually achieve self-esteem by being proud of their performance since everybody who has seen them win their game or achieve a high score will praise them, making them adequately confident that they will win the next game again against their rivals or opponents. In most cases, having experiences in sports generally boosts self-esteem. These experiences often have an impact on the psychological and emotional aspects of athletes since sports does not only mean playing the game, but having social interactions with coaches, teammates, sport officials and parents (Health Promotion, 2008). Hence, self-esteem in addition to its theoretical definition is generally defined as the feeling of having self-respect and confidence. Undeniably, when one feels good about himself or herself, he or she is able to perform well and cope up with the stresses of having to win or lose after a game. Being able to deal with winning or losing in sports can have the positive effects: 1) reduced anxiety, 2) an optimistic perception of life, 3) deal with societal pressures, 4) avoid engaging in drugs, and 5) have lesser interpersonal dilemmas (Health Promotion, 2008). However, athletes or children active in sports who possess a pessimistic or negative self-esteem will usually end up engaging in drugs, have eating disorders, are bullied socially and are often depressed (Health Promotion, 2008). The coaches and parents as mentioned earlier play a vital role in the lives of individuals (children or young athletes) who are regular ly engage in sport activities. These people can help improve sports performance since they provide support and encouragement for the development of a skill and help build a positive social perception. A coach-athlete relationship requires shared respect that will aid in the development
Six Sigma in Logistic and supply chain Case Study
Six Sigma in Logistic and supply chain - Case Study Example It is not enough for Samsung to implement Six Sigma; the company ought to improve the quality and quantity of communication significantly. It is therefore recommended that the proposals, reports, solutions, project updates and any other information in Samsung’s supply chain be presented with clarity and effectively enough with the gist highlighted so as to allow the recipients to instantly access and comprehend the information being communicated. The other area that Samsung can enhance their efforts is in the training of employees for the Six Sigma initiative. The approach to training is important in this case. An effective training program should not only contain the ideals and principles of Six Sigma, it should be customized along the traditions of Samsung so as not to remove any hitches to its implementation and to eradicate any perspectives of its being foreign. This calls for a deep analysis of Samsung’s company values and integrating elements of these into the delivery of Six Sigma. Integration of revolutionary operations with company traditions has been demonstrated to be most effective for other companies such as Toyota (Liker 2004). Thus Samsung should develop customised Six Sigma Green Belt and Black Belt educational workshops for all key functional managers and the relevant training for all other employees. Antis, Slutsky and Creveling (2003) identify failure to link Six Sigma with the consumers as a major oversight into an otherwise informed and wise undertaking. Samsung should seek consumer opinions from feedback, surveys, social responsibility efforts and even complaints and implement this into their supply chain management. Six Sigma is an undertaking that has impacts to an entire organisation rather than in this case just the supply chain. In doing this, Samsung will link their internal improvements to the wishes of
Monday, August 12, 2019
The Inter-relationship between Structural Engineering and Architecture Essay
The Inter-relationship between Structural Engineering and Architecture - Essay Example Throughout human history, architects have ranged from learned men revered by royalty, to anonymous craftsmen rising through the ranks of guilds. Both have built castles, cathedrals, and chateaux. Until the last century, there were no schools of architecture, no building codes, etc. There were no ready-made building materials to purchase structures. Anyone could hang out a shingle as an architect, and did (Schekkerman). Barbacci (Barbacci) describes; traditionally, the architect was a master in control of all functional, structural, and aesthetic decisions; the method of construction; and the supervision of the building process. This tradition continued until the 19th century, where the complexity of the application of structural steel forced architects to deligate the matter to the structural engineers. The primary role of the architect as the overall builder was further diminished during the 20th century by the growth in complexity of building systems such as the passenger elevators (Schekkerman). Today, building human shelter is no longer a work of any single individual, rather by a group of specialists from various fields. Thus, building a shelter is already a collective effort amongst talents of a team. Architects now had to collaborate with mechanical and electrical engineers as well. Engineers in these disciplines were experts in their subject matter but not on buildings and could not assume the role of the architect. The need for people whose professional focus was on the design of buildings but whose education as engineers allowed them to master the technologies and materials in structural, mechanical, and electrical systems led to the emergence of architectural engineering as a new profession (Schekkerman). The relationship between practising architects and structural engineers is to achieve the common goal of creating a work of architecture. Yet the very roots of modern misconceptions about this process are that the conventional' architect purports to represent art while the conventional' engineer purports to represent science. This was not, however how the creators of Gothic Cathedrals saw it (Ardill).Circa 25 BCE, Vitruvius described the role of an architect as (Schekkerman): The ideal architect should be a man of letters, a mathematician, familiar with historical studies, a diligent of philosophy, acquainted with music, not ignorant of medicine, learned in the responses of jurisconsultis, familiar with astronomy andastronomical calculations. The architect has the vision; the structural engineer creates the reality. Engineers are artists grounded in concrete, steel, and glass (among other materials), and it is up to them to ensure that a building can be built as it was designed. Engineers work in close partnership with architects throughout the design process, and when analysing the finished product, it is often difficult to clearly define between the two professionals (Hagberg).The Architect has always been perceived as the "Artist". Most Architectural drawings can be a true work of art that has been affectionately created with a zealous eye for detail. The architect coordinates the entire design and ensures that from the aesthetic point of view his intentions are being conveyed with every
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